GANGGUAN KETERLAMBATAN BERBICARA (SPEECH DELAY) PADA ANAK USIA 6 TAHUN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36835/jipi.v24i2.385Keywords:
speech delay, keterlambatan berbicara, neurodevelopmental disorderAbstract
Keterlambatan berbicara atau speech delay pada anak usia 6 tahun merupakan masalah perkembangan yang sering terlambat dikenali karena pada usia ini tuntutan bahasa sudah bergeser dari sekadar produksi bunyi menjadi kemampuan naratif, pragmatik, dan kesiapan literasi awal. Artikel ini menyajikan analisis kuantitatif deskriptif berbasis literatur mutakhir untuk memetakan determinan risiko, strategi skrining, dan model intervensi yang paling relevan bagi anak usia 6 tahun. Sumber data berupa 24 artikel ilmiah terbit tahun 2021 sampai 2024 yang dipilih secara purposif dari basis data kesehatan dan pendidikan. Data diekstraksi melalui lembar telaah terstruktur, lalu dikelompokkan ke dalam empat kategori utama, yaitu skrining, determinan biologis-medis, determinan keluarga-lingkungan, dan intervensi. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa paparan digital berlebih, kualitas interaksi bahasa keluarga, status sosial ekonomi, serta komorbiditas neurodevelopmental dan pendengaran muncul sebagai isu dominan. Sebaliknya, intervensi yang melibatkan orang tua, buku bergambar, telepractice, coaching, dan enhanced milieu teaching menunjukkan arah manfaat yang paling konsisten. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa speech delay pada usia 6 tahun tidak dapat dipahami sebagai masalah artikulasi semata, melainkan sebagai indikator risiko akademik dan sosial yang memerlukan skrining dini, asesmen multidisipliner, dan intervensi berbasis keluarga.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Raudhatuz Zahra, Hijriati, Wilda Hanum, Marlisa, Baqirah

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